Which of the following is NOT a factor that can lead to secondary hypertension?

Secondary hypertension is high blood pressure that results from an underlying health condition. Factors that can lead to secondary hypertension typically include conditions that affect the kidneys, arteries, heart, or endocrine glands.

Among these factors, illegal drug use can cause spikes in blood pressure due to the stimulatory effects of certain substances on the cardiovascular system. Adrenal gland tumors can lead to increased production of hormones such as aldosterone or cortisol, which can elevate blood pressure. Kidney problems, such as chronic kidney disease, can disrupt the body’s ability to regulate blood pressure and fluid balance, further contributing to hypertension.

The choice indicating "all of the above" suggests that all mentioned factors contribute to secondary hypertension. However, stating that "all of the above" is NOT a factor incorrectly implies that illegal drug use, adrenal gland tumors, and kidney problems do not cause secondary hypertension, which is not accurate. All of these factors are indeed recognized contributors to the condition, making the correct understanding that each of the identified factors can lead to secondary hypertension.