When performing CPR, how should the patient be positioned?

When performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), it is essential for the patient to be positioned flat on a hard surface. This is important for several reasons. First, a hard surface allows for effective chest compressions, which are critical for circulating blood during cardiac arrest. If the patient is on a soft surface, such as a bed or couch, the compressions may be inefficient due to the surface absorbing some of the pressure, making it harder to circulate blood effectively.

Additionally, positioning the patient flat helps to maintain an open airway, which is vital during CPR. It allows for easier ventilation if rescue breaths are administered. The position also ensures that no additional pressure impedes blood flow to vital organs during compressions, maximizing the chances of survival until emergency medical services arrive.

While the other options suggest various elevations or positions, they do not support the primary goals of CPR, which are to maintain effective blood circulation and ensure airway management. Hence, being flat on a hard surface is the only appropriate position for effective CPR.